Understanding the Overlap Between Autism and ADHD
Both ADHD and autism are neurodevelopmental disorders with many similarities and key differences. Around 50-70% of those with autism also have ADHD, bringing questions about their connection.
Our Perspective
"We often see families relieved to learn that their child's unique mix of energy and focus challenges has a name. Whether it's autism, ADHD, or both ('AuDHD'), understanding the whole picture is the first step. At Buzz ABA, we don't treat labels; we support the whole child, helping them harness their creativity while building the skills they need to thrive."
Both ADHD and autism are known for being neurodevelopmental disorders. That's why they have a variety of similarities, but there are some key differences between the two as well. Around 10% of people have ADHD, and 50 to 70% of those with autism have ADHD as well. That brings the question, are ADHD and autism connected? And if so, in what way?
Common Characteristics
One thing to note about both ADHD and autism is that they have multiple common characteristics. These include social difficulties and complications when it comes to the learning style, but also atypical movement that comes in the form of stimming behaviors or fidgeting. Another very common characteristic is inattention, which is known to be very common in the case of anyone with autism.
But it goes even deeper than that since people with autism and ADHD both have sensory sensitivities as well. We should also note the fact that both conditions are heterogeneous, which means the genes can differ between each person. The nature of those genetic influences can vary as well.
Another study shows the overlap between common ADHD and autism variants. We should also add that according to the CDC, 14% of kids that have ADHD are also autistic as well.
Are the Common Characteristics Leading to Complications?
Yes, due to the symptom overlap, providing an accurate diagnosis can prove to be very difficult. That's because most of the diagnostics will focus on symptoms and as we see, multiple ones overlap.
Diagnostic Tools
- ADHD: Conners rating scales, Tests of Sustained Attention, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning.
- Autism: Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), Spectrum Rating Scales, Monteiro Interview Guidelines.
Important Differentiators
While there is common ground in the form of language delays, a high sensory response, emotion regulation, or behavioral control, there are also differences.
ADHD Primary Factors
- Impulsivity
- Hyperactivity
- Inattention
Autism Primary Factors
- Repetitive behaviors
- Restricted communication
- Social connectivity impairment
What's the Main Reason Behind This Co-Occurrence?
A shared genetic etiology is the primary reason, which could be the reason behind the up to 72% genetic overlap. That's one of the reasons why the term AuDHD started being used recently. It combines ADHD and autism as a way to highlight the intersection between the two. And while it's not fully recognized in the medical community, it is used specifically within the neurodivergent community.
Clinical Director's Insight
"The overlap between autism and ADHD can make diagnosis challenging, but understanding both conditions is crucial for effective treatment. With my background in Early Childhood Development and Special Education, I've learned that individualized treatment plans that address both autism and ADHD characteristics lead to the best outcomes for our clients."
– Jennifer Harbour, M.S., BCBA
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Buzz ABA provides comprehensive, evidence-based ABA therapy in Concord, Manchester, Nashua, and surrounding NH communities. Our neurodiversity-affirming approach helps children thrive.
Schedule Free ConsultationFrequently Asked Questions
Can a person have both autism and ADHD?
Yes, 50-70% of people with autism also have ADHD. This co-occurrence is due to shared genetic factors, with up to 72% genetic overlap between the conditions. The term 'AuDHD' is increasingly used to describe this intersection within the neurodivergent community.
What symptoms do autism and ADHD have in common?
Common characteristics include social difficulties, learning style differences, atypical movement (stimming, fidgeting), inattention, sensory sensitivities, and executive function challenges. Both conditions affect focus, emotional regulation, and behavioral control.
How do autism and ADHD differ?
ADHD is primarily characterized by impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattention. Autism features repetitive behaviors, restricted interests, and social communication challenges. While there's symptom overlap, the core characteristics and treatment approaches differ.
Why is it difficult to diagnose autism vs ADHD?
The significant symptom overlap makes accurate diagnosis challenging. Both conditions share characteristics like inattention, social difficulties, and sensory sensitivities. Comprehensive evaluation using condition-specific diagnostic tools by experienced professionals is essential.
How is autism with ADHD treated?
Treatment for co-occurring autism and ADHD often combines approaches. ABA therapy addresses behavioral and social skill development, while medication may help with ADHD symptoms. A comprehensive treatment plan addresses both conditions' unique challenges through individualized therapy.